In Bjarne Stroustrup: C++ | Lex Fridman Podcast #48, Bjarne talks about security being a systems property. You can not make a system secure by only securing certain parts, you have to look at the system as a whole.
How can I learn more about designing systems with certain properties? The term "systems thinking" also comes to mind. I've seen talks at software conferences with that in the title. Perhaps that is something to look in to.